Transverse momentum and centrality dependence of dihadron correlations in Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}} = 200 GeV: Jet-quenching and the response of partonic matter
Transverse momentum and centrality dependence of dihadron correlations
in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV: Jet-quenching
and the response of partonic matter
A. Adare
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.
S. Afanasiev
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
C. Aidala
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
N.N. Ajitanand
Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, SUNY, NY 11794-3400, U.S.
Y. Akiba
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
H. Al-Bataineh
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S.
J. Alexander
Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, SUNY, NY 11794-3400, U.S.
A. Al-Jamel
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S.
K. Aoki
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
L. Aphecetche
SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722 - 44307, Nantes, France
R. Armendariz
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S.
S.H. Aronson
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
J. Asai
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
E.T. Atomssa
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
R. Averbeck
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
T.C. Awes
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.
B. Azmoun
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
V. Babintsev
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
G. Baksay
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, U.S.
L. Baksay
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, U.S.
A. Baldisseri
Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
K.N. Barish
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
P.D. Barnes
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
B. Bassalleck
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.
S. Bathe
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
S. Batsouli
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.
V. Baublis
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
F. Bauer
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
A. Bazilevsky
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
S. Belikov
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
R. Bennett
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
Y. Berdnikov
Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
A.A. Bickley
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.
M.T. Bjorndal
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
J.G. Boissevain
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
H. Borel
Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
K. Boyle
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
M.L. Brooks
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
D.S. Brown
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S.
D. Bucher
Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
H. Buesching
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
V. Bumazhnov
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
G. Bunce
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
J.M. Burward-Hoy
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
S. Butsyk
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
S. Campbell
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
J.-S. Chai
KAERI, Cyclotron Application Laboratory, Seoul, South Korea
B.S. Chang
Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
J.-L. Charvet
Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
S. Chernichenko
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
J. Chiba
KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
C.Y. Chi
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
M. Chiu
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.
I.J. Choi
Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
T. Chujo
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.
P. Chung
Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, SUNY, NY 11794-3400, U.S.
A. Churyn
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
V. Cianciolo
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.
C.R. Cleven
Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, U.S.
Y. Cobigo
Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
B.A. Cole
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
M.P. Comets
IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
P. Constantin
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
M. Csanád
ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H - 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
T. Csörgő
KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA KFKI RMKI), H-1525 Budapest 114, POBox 49, Budapest, Hungary
T. Dahms
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
K. Das
Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, U.S.
G. David
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
M.B. Deaton
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, U.S.
K. Dehmelt
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, U.S.
H. Delagrange
SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722 - 44307, Nantes, France
A. Denisov
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
D. d’Enterria
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
A. Deshpande
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
E.J. Desmond
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
O. Dietzsch
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
A. Dion
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
M. Donadelli
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
J.L. Drachenberg
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, U.S.
O. Drapier
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
A. Drees
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
A.K. Dubey
Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
A. Durum
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
V. Dzhordzhadze
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.
Y.V. Efremenko
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.
J. Egdemir
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
F. Ellinghaus
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.
W.S. Emam
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
A. Enokizono
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, U.S.
H. En’yo
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
B. Espagnon
IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
S. Esumi
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
K.O. Eyser
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
D.E. Fields
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
M. Finger
Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
F. Fleuret
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
S.L. Fokin
Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
B. Forestier
LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
Z. Fraenkel
Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
J.E. Frantz
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
A. Franz
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
A.D. Frawley
Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, U.S.
K. Fujiwara
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
Y. Fukao
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
S.-Y. Fung
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
T. Fusayasu
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
S. Gadrat
LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
I. Garishvili
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.
F. Gastineau
SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722 - 44307, Nantes, France
M. Germain
SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722 - 44307, Nantes, France
A. Glenn
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.
H. Gong
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
M. Gonin
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
J. Gosset
Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Y. Goto
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
R. Granier de Cassagnac
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
N. Grau
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
S.V. Greene
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.
M. Grosse Perdekamp
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
T. Gunji
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
H.-Å. Gustafsson
Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
T. Hachiya
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
A. Hadj Henni
SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722 - 44307, Nantes, France
C. Haegemann
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.
J.S. Haggerty
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
M.N. Hagiwara
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, U.S.
H. Hamagaki
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
R. Han
Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
H. Harada
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
E.P. Hartouni
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, U.S.
K. Haruna
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
M. Harvey
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
E. Haslum
Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
K. Hasuko
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
R. Hayano
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
M. Heffner
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, U.S.
T.K. Hemmick
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
T. Hester
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
J.M. Heuser
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
X. He
Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, U.S.
H. Hiejima
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.
J.C. Hill
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
R. Hobbs
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.
M. Hohlmann
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, U.S.
M. Holmes
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.
W. Holzmann
Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, SUNY, NY 11794-3400, U.S.
K. Homma
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
B. Hong
Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
T. Horaguchi
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
D. Hornback
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.
M.G. Hur
KAERI, Cyclotron Application Laboratory, Seoul, South Korea
T. Ichihara
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
K. Imai
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
M. Inaba
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Y. Inoue
Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
D. Isenhower
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, U.S.
L. Isenhower
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, U.S.
M. Ishihara
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
T. Isobe
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
M. Issah
Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, SUNY, NY 11794-3400, U.S.
A. Isupov
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
B.V. Jacak
jacak@skipper.physics.sunysb.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
J. Jia
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
J. Jin
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
O. Jinnouchi
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
B.M. Johnson
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
K.S. Joo
Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
D. Jouan
IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
F. Kajihara
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
S. Kametani
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
N. Kamihara
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
J. Kamin
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
M. Kaneta
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
J.H. Kang
Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
H. Kanou
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
T. Kawagishi
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
D. Kawall
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
A.V. Kazantsev
Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
S. Kelly
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.
A. Khanzadeev
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
J. Kikuchi
Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
D.H. Kim
Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
D.J. Kim
Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
E. Kim
System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Y.-S. Kim
KAERI, Cyclotron Application Laboratory, Seoul, South Korea
E. Kinney
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.
A. Kiss
ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H - 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
E. Kistenev
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
A. Kiyomichi
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
J. Klay
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, U.S.
C. Klein-Boesing
Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
L. Kochenda
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
V. Kochetkov
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
B. Komkov
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
M. Konno
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
D. Kotchetkov
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
A. Kozlov
Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
A. Král
Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
A. Kravitz
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
P.J. Kroon
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
J. Kubart
Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
G.J. Kunde
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
N. Kurihara
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
K. Kurita
Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
M.J. Kweon
Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
Y. Kwon
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.
Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
G.S. Kyle
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S.
R. Lacey
Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, SUNY, NY 11794-3400, U.S.
Y.-S. Lai
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
J.G. Lajoie
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
A. Lebedev
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
Y. Le Bornec
IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
S. Leckey
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
D.M. Lee
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
M.K. Lee
Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
T. Lee
System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
M.J. Leitch
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
M.A.L. Leite
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
B. Lenzi
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
H. Lim
System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
T. Liška
Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
A. Litvinenko
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
M.X. Liu
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
X. Li
China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
X.H. Li
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
B. Love
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.
D. Lynch
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
C.F. Maguire
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.
Y.I. Makdisi
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
A. Malakhov
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
M.D. Malik
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.
V.I. Manko
Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
Y. Mao
Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
L. Mašek
Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
H. Masui
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
F. Matathias
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
M.C. McCain
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.
M. McCumber
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
P.L. McGaughey
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
Y. Miake
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
P. Mikeš
Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
K. Miki
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
T.E. Miller
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.
A. Milov
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
S. Mioduszewski
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
G.C. Mishra
Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, U.S.
M. Mishra
Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
J.T. Mitchell
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
M. Mitrovski
Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, SUNY, NY 11794-3400, U.S.
A. Morreale
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
D.P. Morrison
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
J.M. Moss
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
T.V. Moukhanova
Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
D. Mukhopadhyay
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.
J. Murata
Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
S. Nagamiya
KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
Y. Nagata
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
J.L. Nagle
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.
M. Naglis
Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
I. Nakagawa
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
Y. Nakamiya
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
T. Nakamura
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
K. Nakano
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
J. Newby
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, U.S.
M. Nguyen
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
B.E. Norman
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
A.S. Nyanin
Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
J. Nystrand
Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
E. O’Brien
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
S.X. Oda
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
C.A. Ogilvie
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
H. Ohnishi
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
I.D. Ojha
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.
H. Okada
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
K. Okada
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
M. Oka
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
O.O. Omiwade
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, U.S.
A. Oskarsson
Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
I. Otterlund
Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
M. Ouchida
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
K. Ozawa
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
R. Pak
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
D. Pal
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.
A.P.T. Palounek
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
V. Pantuev
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
V. Papavassiliou
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S.
J. Park
System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
W.J. Park
Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
S.F. Pate
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S.
H. Pei
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
J.-C. Peng
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.
H. Pereira
Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
V. Peresedov
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
D.Yu. Peressounko
Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
C. Pinkenburg
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
R.P. Pisani
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
M.L. Purschke
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
A.K. Purwar
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
H. Qu
Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, U.S.
J. Rak
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.
A. Rakotozafindrabe
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
I. Ravinovich
Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
K.F. Read
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.
S. Rembeczki
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, U.S.
M. Reuter
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
K. Reygers
Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
V. Riabov
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
Y. Riabov
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
G. Roche
LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
A. Romana
Deceased
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
M. Rosati
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
S.S.E. Rosendahl
Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
P. Rosnet
LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
P. Rukoyatkin
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
V.L. Rykov
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
S.S. Ryu
Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
B. Sahlmueller
Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
N. Saito
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
T. Sakaguchi
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
S. Sakai
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
H. Sakata
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
V. Samsonov
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
H.D. Sato
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
S. Sato
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
S. Sawada
KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
J. Seele
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.
R. Seidl
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.
V. Semenov
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
R. Seto
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
D. Sharma
Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
T.K. Shea
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
I. Shein
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
A. Shevel
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, SUNY, NY 11794-3400, U.S.
T.-A. Shibata
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
K. Shigaki
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
M. Shimomura
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
T. Shohjoh
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
K. Shoji
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
A. Sickles
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
C.L. Silva
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
D. Silvermyr
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.
C. Silvestre
Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
K.S. Sim
Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
C.P. Singh
Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
V. Singh
Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
S. Skutnik
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
M. Slunečka
Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
W.C. Smith
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, U.S.
A. Soldatov
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
R.A. Soltz
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, U.S.
W.E. Sondheim
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
S.P. Sorensen
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.
I.V. Sourikova
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
F. Staley
Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
P.W. Stankus
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.
E. Stenlund
Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
M. Stepanov
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S.
A. Ster
KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA KFKI RMKI), H-1525 Budapest 114, POBox 49, Budapest, Hungary
S.P. Stoll
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
T. Sugitate
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
C. Suire
IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
J.P. Sullivan
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
J. Sziklai
KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA KFKI RMKI), H-1525 Budapest 114, POBox 49, Budapest, Hungary
T. Tabaru
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
S. Takagi
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
E.M. Takagui
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
A. Taketani
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
K.H. Tanaka
KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
Y. Tanaka
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
K. Tanida
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
M.J. Tannenbaum
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
A. Taranenko
Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, SUNY, NY 11794-3400, U.S.
P. Tarján
Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
T.L. Thomas
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.
M. Togawa
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
A. Toia
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
J. Tojo
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
L. Tomášek
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
H. Torii
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
R.S. Towell
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, U.S.
V-N. Tram
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
I. Tserruya
Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Y. Tsuchimoto
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
S.K. Tuli
Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
H. Tydesjö
Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
N. Tyurin
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
C. Vale
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.
H. Valle
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.
H.W. van Hecke
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.
J. Velkovska
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.
R. Vertesi
Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
A.A. Vinogradov
Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
M. Virius
Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
V. Vrba
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
E. Vznuzdaev
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
M. Wagner
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
D. Walker
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.
X.R. Wang
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S.
Y. Watanabe
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
J. Wessels
Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
S.N. White
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
N. Willis
IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
D. Winter
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
C.L. Woody
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
M. Wysocki
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.
W. Xie
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
Y. Yamaguchi
Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
A. Yanovich
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
Z. Yasin
University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.
J. Ying
Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, U.S.
S. Yokkaichi
RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S.
G.R. Young
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.
I. Younus
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.
I.E. Yushmanov
Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
W.A. Zajc
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
O. Zaudtke
Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
C. Zhang
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.
S. Zhou
China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
J. Zimányi
Deceased
KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA KFKI RMKI), H-1525 Budapest 114, POBox 49, Budapest, Hungary
L. Zolin
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
September 23, 2019
Abstract
Azimuthal angle (Δϕ) correlations are presented for
charged hadrons from dijets for 0.4<pT<10 GeV/c in Au+Au
collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV. With increasing
pT, the away-side distribution evolves from a broad to a
concave shape, then to a convex shape. Comparisons to p+p data
suggest that the away-side can be divided into a partially
suppressed “head” region centered at Δϕ∼π, and an
enhanced “shoulder” region centered at Δϕ∼π±1.1. The pTspectrum for the “head” region softens
toward central collisions, consistent with the onset of jet
quenching. The spectral slope for the “shoulder” region is
independent of centrality and trigger pT, which offers
constraints on energy transport mechanisms and suggests that the
“shoulder” region contains the medium response to energetic jets.
pacs:
25.75.Dw
PHENIX Collaboration
High transverse momentum (pT) partons are valuable probes of
the high energy density matter created at the Relativistic
Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). These partons lose a large fraction of
their energy in the matter prior to forming hadrons, a phenomenon
known as jet-quenching. Such energy loss is predicted to lead
to strong suppression of both single- and correlated away-side
dihadron yields at high pTGyulassy:2003mc , consistent
with experimental findings Adler:2003au ; Adler:2002tq .
The exact mechanism for energy loss is not yet understood. Recent
results of dihadron azimuthal angle (Δϕ) correlations
have indicated strong modification of the away-side
jet Adams:2005ph ; Adler:2005ee ; Adler:2002tq ; Adare:2006nr .
For high pThadron pairs, such modification is manifested by a
partially suppressed away-side peak at
Δϕ∼πAdler:2002tq . This has been interpreted
as evidence for the fragmentation of jets that survive their
passage through the medium.
For intermediate pTcharged hadron pairs, the away-side jet was
observed to peak at
Δϕ∼π±1.1Adler:2005ee ; Adare:2006nr ,
suggesting that the energy lost by high pTpartons is
transported to lower pThadrons at angles away from
Δϕ∼π. The proposed mechanisms for such energy
transport include medium deflection of hard Chiu:2006pu or
shower partons Armesto:2004pt ,large-angle gluon
radiation Vitev:2005yg ; Polosa:2006hb , Cherenkov gluon
radiation Koch:2005sx , and “Mach Shock” medium
excitations Casalderrey-Solana:2004qm .
In this letter we present a detailed “mapping” of the pTand
centrality dependence of away-side jet shapes and yields. These
measurements (1) allow a detailed investigation of the jet
distributions centered around Δϕ∼π±1.1 and
Δϕ∼π, (2) provide new insight on the interplay
between jet quenching and the response of the medium to the lost
energy, and (3) provide new constraints for distinguishing the
competing mechanisms for energy transport.
The results presented here are based on minimum-bias (MB) Au+Au
and p+p datasets as well as a “photon” level-1 triggered (PT)
p+p dataset Adare:2006hc collected with the PHENIX
detector Adcox:2003zm at √sNN=200 GeV,
during the 2004-2005 RHIC running periods. The collision vertex
z was required to be within |z|< 30cm of the nominal crossing
point. The event centrality was determined via the method in
Ref. Adcox:2003zm . A total of 840 million Au+Au events were
analyzed. Charged particles were reconstructed in the two central
arms of PHENIX, each covering -0.35 to 0.35 in pseudo-rapidity and
90∘ in azimuth. The tracking system consists of the drift
chambers and two layers of multi-wire proportional chambers with
pad readout (PC1 and PC3), achieving a momentum resolution of
0.7%⨁1.1%p (GeV/c) Adler:2003au .
Dihadron azimuthal angle correlations are obtained by correlating
“trigger” (type A) hadrons with “partner” (type B) hadrons.
The MB and PT p+p datasets are used for trigger pT<5 GeV/c
and pT>5 GeV/c, respectively. To reduce background from decays
and conversions, tracks are required to have a matching hit within
a ±2.3σ window in PC3. For pT>4 GeV/c, additional
matching hit at the electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) was required
to suppress background tracks that randomly associate with the
PC3 Adler:2003au . For triggers with pT>5 GeV/c, a
pTdependent energy cut in the EMC and a tight ±1.5σ
matching cut at the PC3 were applied to reduce the background to
<10% Adler:2005ad . This energy cut greatly reduces PT
trigger bias effects. The PT p+p results are consistent with the
MB p+p data for trigger pT>5 GeV/c.
The jet associated partner yield per trigger,
Yjet(Δϕ), is obtained from the
Δϕ correlations as Adler:2005ad ; Adler:2005ee :
where NA is the number of triggers, εB is the
single particle efficiency for partners in the full azimuth and
|η|<0.35; Ns(Δϕ) and
Nm(Δϕ) are pair distributions from the same- and
mixed-events, respectively. Mixed-event pairs are obtained by
selecting partners from different events with similar centrality
and vertex. The εB values include detector acceptance
and reconstruction efficiency, with an uncertainty of ∼10% Adler:2005in ; Adler:2003au . The harmonic term,
2vA2vB2cos2Δϕ, reflects the elliptic flow
modulation of the combinatoric pairs in Au+Au
collisions Adler:2005ee . Values for vA2 and vB2 for
each centrality class are measured via the reaction plane (RP)
method Adler:2003kt using the Beam-Beam Counters at 3<|η|<4. The systematic errors on v2 are dominated by the
RP resolution, and are estimated to be ∼6% for central and
mid-central collisions, and ∼10% for the peripheral
collisions Adler:2005ee .
To fix the value of b0, we followed the subtraction procedure
of Refs. Adler:2005ee ; Ajitanand:2005jj and assumed that
Yjet has zero yield at its minimum Δϕmin
(ZYAM). To estimate the possible over-subtraction at
Δϕmin, we calculate b0 values independently by
fitting Yjet(Δϕ) to a function consisting of one
near-side and two symmetric away-side Gaussians. The fitting
procedure is similar to that used in Adare:2006nr , except
that a region around π (|Δϕ−π|<1) is excluded to
avoid “punch-through” jets around π (see
Fig.1). This fit accounts for the overlap of the
near- and away-side Gaussians at Δϕmin, and thus
gives systematically lower b0 values than that for ZYAM. We
assign the differences as one-sided systematic errors on b0.
This over-subtraction error is only significant in central
collisions and at pTA,B<3 GeV/c.
The per-trigger yield distributions for p+p and 0-20% central
Au+Au collisions are compared in Fig. 1 for various
combinations of trigger and partner pT ranges (pTA⊗pTB) as indicated. The p+p data show essentially Gaussian
away-side peaks centered at Δϕ∼π for all pTA
and pTB. In contrast, the Au+Au data show substantial shape
modifications dependent on pTA and pTB. For a fixed
value of pTA, Figs. 1(a)-(d)
reveal a striking evolution from a broad, roughly flat peak to a
local minimum at Δϕ∼π with side-peaks at
Δϕ∼π±1.1. Interestingly, the location of the
side-peaks in Δϕ is roughly constant with increasing
pTB (see also Adare:2006nr ). Such pTindependence
is compatible with the away-side jet modification expected from a
medium-induced “Mach Shock” Casalderrey-Solana:2004qm but
disfavors models which incorporate large angle gluon
radiation Vitev:2005yg ; Polosa:2006hb , Cherenkov gluon
radiation Koch:2005sx or deflected
jets Armesto:2004pt ; Chiu:2006pu .
Figure 1: Per-trigger yield versus Δϕ for
various trigger and partner pT (pTA⊗pTB),
arranged by increasing pair momentum (sum of pTA and
pBT), in p+p and 0-20% Au+Au collisions. The Data in
some panels are scaled as indicated. Solid lines (shaded bands)
indicate elliptic flow (ZYAM) uncertainties. Arrows in (c)
indicate “head” (HR) and “shoulder” (SR) regions.
For relatively high values of pTA⊗pTB,
Figs. 1(e)-(h) show that the away-side
jet shape for Au+Au gradually becomes peaked as for p+p, albeit
suppressed. This “re-appearance” of the away-side peak seems due
to a reduction of the yield centered at Δϕ∼π±1.1
relative to that at Δϕ∼π, rather than a merging of
the peaks centered at Δϕ∼π±1.1. This is
consistent with the dominance of dijet fragmentation at large
pTA⊗pTB, possibly due to jets that
“punch-through” the medium Renk:2006pk or those emitted
tangentially to the medium’s surface Loizides:2006cs .
The evolution of the away-side jet shape with pT(cf.
Fig. 1) suggests separate contributions from a
medium-induced component centered at Δϕ∼π±1.1
and a fragmentation component centered at Δϕ∼π. A
model independent study of these contributions can be made by
dividing the away-side jet function into equal-sized “head”
(|Δϕ−π|<π/6, HR) and “shoulder”
(π/6<|Δϕ−π|<π/2, SR) regions, as indicated in
Fig. 1(c). We characterize the relative amplitude of
these two regions with the ratio, RHS,
Since NA in Eq.1 cancels in the ratio,
RHS is a pure pair variable and is symmetric w.r.tpAT and pBT:
RHS(pAT,pBT)=RHS(pBT,pAT). For
concave and convex shapes, one expects RHS<1 and
RHS>1, respectively.
Figure 2: RHS versus pTB for p+p
(open) and Au+Au (filled) collisions for four trigger selections.
Since RHS is purely hadron pair variable, the result is
unchanged by swapping pTA and pTB. Shaded bars (brackets)
represent pT-correlated uncertainties due to elliptic flow
(ZYAM procedure).
Figure 2 summarizes the pBT dependence of
RHS for both p+p and central Au+Au collisions in four
pAT bins. The ratios for p+p are always above one and
increase with pBT. This reflects the narrowing of a
peaked jet shape with increasing
pTBAdler:2005ad . In contrast, the ratios for
Au+Au show a non-monotonic dependence on pTA,B. They
evolve from RHS∼1 for pA,BT≲1
GeV/c through RHS<1 for 1≲pA,BT≲4
GeV/c followed by RHS>1 for pA,BT≳5
GeV/c. These trends reflect the competition between
medium-induced modification and jet fragmentation, and suggest
that the latter dominates at pA,BT≳5 GeV/c.
The results shown in Fig. 1 indicate that, relative
to p+p, the Au+Au yield is suppressed in the HR but is enhanced
in the SR. We quantify this suppression/enhancement via
IAA, the ratio of jet yield Yjet between Au+Au and
p+p collisions over a Δϕ region, W, IWAA=∫Δϕ∈WdΔϕYAu+Aujet/∫Δϕ∈WdΔϕYAu+Aujet∫Δϕ∈WdΔϕYp+pjet∫Δϕ∈WdΔϕYp+pjet.
Figure 3 shows IAA as a function of
pTB for the HR and the HR+SR, respectively, in four
pTA bins. For triggers of 2<pTA<3 GeV/c,
IAA for HR+SR exceeds one at low pTB, but falls and
crosses one at ∼3.5 GeV/c. A similar trend is observed for
the higher pTtriggers, but the enhancement (at low pTB) is
smaller and the suppression (at high pTB) is stronger. The
IAA values in HR are lower relative to HR+SR for all
pTA,B. For the low pTtriggers, the suppression sets in
around 1≲pTB≲3 GeV/c, followed by a fall-off for
pTB≳4 GeV/c. For higher pTtriggers, a constant
level of ∼0.2−0.3 is observed above ∼2 GeV/c similar
to the suppression level of inclusive hadrons Adler:2003au .
These results provide clear evidence for significant yield
enhancement in the SR and suppression in the HR. The data suggest
that the SR reflects the dissipative processes that redistribute
the energy lost in the medium; The suppression for the HR is
consistent with jet quenching. However, we note that the
IAA values for the HR are upper limit estimates for the
jet fragmentation component. This is because the HR yield includes
possible contributions from the tails of the SR, as well as from
bremsstrahlung gluon radiations Vitev:2005yg .
Figure 3: IAA versus pTB for four
trigger pTbins in HR+SR (|Δϕ−π|<π/2) and HR
(|Δϕ−π|<π/6). The total systematic errors for the
two regions, represented by shaded bars and brackets respectively,
are strongly correlated. Grey bands around IAA=1
represent 14% combined uncertainty on the single particle
efficiency in Au+Au and p+p.
To further explore the interplay between the HR and the SR, we
focus on the intermediate pTregion, 1<pTB<5 GeV/c,
where the medium-induced component dominates the away-side yield.
We characterize the inverse local slope of the partner yield in
this pTrange via a truncated mean pT, ⟨pT′⟩≡⟨pTB⟩|1<pTB<5GeV/c - 1 GeV/c. ⟨pT′⟩ is
calculated from the jet yields used to make IAA in
Fig. 3. Fig. 4 shows the
⟨pT′⟩ values for the HR, SR and a
near-side region (|Δϕ|<π/3, NR), as a function of the
number of participating nucleons, Npart. The ⟨pT′⟩ values for NR have a weak centrality
dependence. Their overall levels for Npart>100 are
0.533±0.024, 0.605±0.032 and 0.698±0.040 GeV/c for
the pTA ranges 2-3, 3-4 and 4-5 GeV/c,
respectively ridge . This finding is consistent with the
dominance of jet fragmentation on the near-side, i.e. a harder
spectrum for partner hadrons is expected for higher pTtrigger
hadrons.
A very weak centrality dependence is observed for the SR for
Npart≳100. In this case, the values for ⟨pT′⟩ are lower (≈0.45 GeV/c)
and do not depend on pTA. They are, however, larger than the
values measured for inclusive charged hadrons (0.38 GeV/c shown
by solid lines) Adler:2003au . The relatively sharp increase
in ⟨pT′⟩ for
Npart≲100 may reflect a significant jet
fragmentation contribution in peripheral collisions. In contrast,
the ⟨pT′⟩ values for the HR show
a gradual decrease with Npart, starting close to that
for the near-side jet, and approaches the value for the inclusive
spectrum for Npart≳150.
Figure 4: Truncated mean ⟨pT′⟩
in 1<pTB<5 GeV/c versus Npart
for the near-side (diamonds), away-side shoulder (circles) and
head (squares) regions for Au+Au (filled) and p+p (open) for three
trigger pTbins. Solid lines represent measured values for
inclusive charged hadrons Adler:2003au . Error bars
represent the statistical errors. Shaded bars represent the sum of
Npart-correlated elliptic flow and ZYAM error.
The different patterns observed for the yields in the HR and SR
suggest a different origin for these yields. The suppression of
the HR yield and the softening of its spectrum are consistent with
a depletion of yield due to jet quenching. The observed HR yield
could be comprised of contributions from “punch-through” jets,
radiated gluons and feed-in from the SR. By contrast, the
enhancement of the SR yield for pTA,B<4 GeV/c suggests a
remnant of the lost energy from quenched jets. However, the very
weak dependence on pTand centrality (for
Npart≳100) for its peak location and mean pTmay reflect an intrinsic property of the response of the medium to
the energetic jets. These observations are inconsistent with
simple deflected jet Armesto:2004pt ; Chiu:2006pu and
Cherenkov gluon radiation Koch:2005sx models, since both
the deflection/radiation angle and jet spectra slope would depend
on the pTA or pTB. However, these results are consistent
with expectations for “Mach Shock” in a near-ideal
hydrodynamical medium
Renk:2005si ; Casalderrey-Solana:2004qm , and thus they can
be used to constrain medium transport properties such as speed of
sound and viscosity to entropy ratio.
In conclusion, we have observed strong medium modification of
away-side shapes and yields for jet-induced pairs in Au+Au
collisions at √sNN=200 GeV. The detailed
dependence of these results on pTand centrality gives strong
evidence for two distinct contributions from the regions of
Δϕ∼π and Δϕ∼π±1.1. The former is
consistent with jet quenching. The latter exhibits pTand
centrality independent shape and mean pT, possibly reflecting
an intrinsic property of the medium response to energetic jets.
These results provide strong constraints on competing mechanisms
for the energy transport.
We thank the staff of the Collider-Accelerator and Physics
Departments at BNL for their vital contributions. We acknowledge
support from the Department of Energy and NSF (U.S.A.), MEXT and
JSPS (Japan), CNPq and FAPESP (Brazil), NSFC (China), MSMT (Czech
Republic), IN2P3/CNRS and CEA (France), BMBF, DAAD, and AvH
(Germany), OTKA (Hungary), DAE (India), ISF (Israel), KRF and
KOSEF (Korea), MES, RAS, and FAAE (Russia), VR and KAW (Sweden),
U.S. CRDF for the FSU, US-Hungarian NSFOTKA- MTA, and US-Israel
BSF.