Neutral B meson mixing with static heavy and domain-wall light quarks

# Neutral B meson mixing with static heavy and domain-wall light quarks

Tomomi Ishikawa
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Upton, NY 11973, USA
E-mail: tomomi@quark.phy.bnl.gov
Speaker.
Yasumichi Aoki
Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particle and the Universe (KMI), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Upton, NY 11973, USA
E-mail: yaoki@kmi.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Taku Izubuchi
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Upton, NY 11973, USA
E-mail: izubuchi@quark.phy.bnl.gov
Christoph Lehner
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
E-mail: clehner@quark.phy.bnl.gov
Amarjit Soni
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
E-mail: soni@bnl.gov
###### Abstract

Neutral B meson mixing matrix elements and B meson decay constants are calculated. Static approximation is used for b quark and domain-wall fermion formalism is employed for light quarks. The calculations are done on 2+1 flavor dynamical ensembles, whose lattice spacings are  fm and  fm with a fixed physical spatial volume of about . In the static quark action, link-smearings are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. We employ two kinds of link-smearings and their results are combined in taking a continuum limit. For the matching between the lattice and the continuum theory, one-loop perturbative calculations are used including improvements to reduce discretization errors. We obtain SU(3) braking ratio in the static limit of quark.

RBRC-1052

Neutral B meson mixing with static heavy and domain-wall light quarks

Amarjit Soni

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA

E-mail: soni@bnl.gov

\abstract@cs

31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - LATTICE 2013 July 29 - August 3, 2013 Mainz, Germany

## 1 Introduction

One of the important purposes of flavor physics is an accurate determination of the parameters of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. Now that existence of the Higgs particle was declared at the LHC experiments, precise check of the CKM unitary triangle becomes even more important for the search of New Physics and B Physics provides valuable information to this effort.

The treatment of the quark is one of the challenging subjects in the lattice QCD because of the multi-scale problem in which quark is quite heavy ( GeV), whereas and quarks are light (few MeV). To resolve the difficulty, several approaches have been proposed and useful results are beginning to be obtained. Among them, Heavy Quark Effective Theory (HQET) is old-fashioned, but a clean approach to this problem. The static approximation is the lowest order of the HQET expansion ( expansion). While the static approximation itself, without correction for effects, has level uncertainty, its results are valuable as an anchor point for the application to an interpolation from lower quark mass region (charm quark mass region or higher). Our current purpose is accurate calculations of the B Physics quantities using static approximation for quark and chiral fermion for light quarks. While the corrections definitely need to be addressed for precision calculations, the static approximation itself is more accurate for certain ratio quantities. In the ratio the ambiguity from the static approximation is significantly reduced by the suppression:

 O(ΛQCDmb×ms−mdΛQCD)∼2%, (1.0)

which makes the approximation competitive with other approaches for one of the most important quantity in the mixing phenomena, SU(3) breaking ratio .

In these proceedings we report our current status of the calculation of meson decay constants and neutral meson mixing matrix elements obtained using the static quark.

## 2 Calculation

### 2.1 Action setup and ensembles

As mentioned in the introduction, the static approximation is used for quark. In the static quark action, gluon link smearing is imposed to reduce a notorious power divergence, which is one of the key techniques in the HQET suggested by Alpha Collaboration [1, 2]. We employ HYP1 [3] and HYP2 [2] link smearing in this work. For the light quark sector, we adopt the domain-wall fermion (DWF) formalism to control the chiral symmetry, where the chiral symmetry plays an important role to suppress unphysical operator mixing.

We use flavor dynamical DWF + Iwasaki gluon ensemble generated by the RBC and UKQCD Collaborations [4], listed in Tab. 1. The pion masses at simulation points cover  MeV range and the finite size effects are modest so that is not less than .

### 2.2 Perturbative matching

We adopt perturbative matching, where QCD and HEQT are matched in the continuum, then the continuum and the lattice theory are matched in the HQET, separately (two-step matching).

• Continuum matching: The QCD operators are renormalized in the (NDR) scheme at a scale , quark mass scale. The Fierz transformations in the arbitrary dimensions are specified in the NDR scheme by Buras and Weisz [5] where evanescent operators are introduced. The HQET operators are also renormalized in the (NDR) scheme, and matched to the QCD at the quark mass scale. The one-loop perturbative matching factors have been obtained in Ref. [6] for quark bilinear operators and in Refs. [7, 8] for four-quark operators.

• Renormalization Group (RG) running: We use the RG running of the operators in the continuum HQET to go down to the lattice cut-off scale in order to avoid large logarithms in the perturbation theory. The two-loop anomalous dimensions have been calculated in Refs. [9, 10] for quark bilinears and in Refs. [11, 12, 8] for four-quark operators.

• HQET matching: The matching in the HQET between the continuum and the lattice is made at the lattice cut-off scale using one-loop perturbation theory for our action setup, in which lattice discretization errors are taken into account and the tad-pole improvement is used [13].

We note that in the HQET matching, one might claim that operators can mix with operators due to the power divergence, causing the perturbative matching to fail. The situation is, however, quite different from operators, which are also higher dimensional ones and leave uncertainty at -loop perturbation leading to huge error in taking small , because only scales logarithmically [14]. The operators just bring uncertainty at -loop perturbation by mixing with operators keeping justification of the perturbation.

### 2.3 Measurement

We use a gauge-invariant gaussian smearing for heavy and light quark fields at source and sink, where the gaussian width is around  fm. We fit two-point and three-point functions:

 C˜LSA(t,0) = ∑→x⟨A0(→x,t)AS†0(→0,0)⟩−−→t≫0\@fontswitchA˜LSA(e−E0t+e−E0(T−t)), (2.0) C˜SSA(t,0) = ∑→x⟨AS0(→x,t)AS†0(→0,0)⟩−−→t≫0\@fontswitchA˜SSA(e−E0t+e−E0(T−t)), (2.0) CSSA(t,0) = ⟨AS0(→0,t)AS†0(→0,0)⟩−−→t≫0\@fontswitchASSA(e−E0t+e−E0(T−t)), (2.0)
 CSSL(tf,t,0) = ∑→x⟨AS0(→0,tf)OL(→x,t)AS†0(→0,0)⟩−−−−−→tf≫t≫0\@fontswitchASSL, (2.0) CSSS(tf,t,0) = ∑→x⟨AS0(→0,tf)OS(→x,t)AS†0(→0,0)⟩−−−−−→tf≫t≫0\@fontswitchASSS, (2.0)

where and are a local and a gaussian smeared axial heavy-light current, respectively. and denote four-quark operators: , , where comes into our calculation owing to a mixing with in the HQET. The correlator (2.3) is noisy, since volume summation at sink is not taken. Nevertheless, we need this correlator for extracting matrix elements from three-point functions due to a reason specific to static quark, in which energies of states in the static limit do not depend on their momentum  [15]. The correlator fitting is made simultaneously for three two-point functions (2.3), (2.3) and (2.3), while separately for two three-point functions (2.3) and (2.3). The examples of the effective and three-point function plots are presented in Fig. 1, in which fit results are shown.

After fitting the correlators, B meson decay constants and mixing matrix elements are obtained by:

 fB=ΦB√mB= ⎷2mB\@fontswitchA˜SSAZA\@fontswitchA˜LSA,\@fontswitchMB=mBMB=2mB\@fontswitchASSAe−E0tf(ZL\@fontswitchASSL+ZS\@fontswitchASSS), (2.0)

where , and are matching factors between continuum QCD and lattice HQET calculated in Ref. [13]. Note that operators , and are all improved using one-loop perturbation [13].

### 2.4 Chiral and continuum extrapolations

In the chiral and continuum extrapolation, we basically adopt SU(2) heavy meson chiral perturbasion theory (SU(2)HMPT). (For the detailed expressions, see Ref. [16].) As discussed in Ref. [17], SU(2)PT fit does not converge in the pion mass region above MeV. Our simulation points are below that mass. On current statistics, a linear fit function hypothesis cannot be excluded, then we take an average of results from SU(2)PT and linear fit as a central value. (There is no distinction of the fit function between SU(2)PT and linear for quantities.) Other thing we should mention is that we have only one sea quark mass for each ensemble and is off from the physical point as shown in Tab. 1, which is a source of error in the SU(2)PT fits. We estimate this error using SU(3)PT as a model.

## 3 Results and future perspective

We obtain chiral and continuum extrapolated (preliminary) results:

 fB=219(19)(26) [MeV],fBs=264(19)(32) [MeV],fBs/fB=1.193(42)(26), (3.0) \@fontswitchMB=2.69(47)(32) [(GeV)4],\@fontswitchMBs=4.19(50)(50) [(GeV)4],ξ=1.222(60)(27), (3.0)

where the first error denotes statistical and systematic errors including: (1) chiral/continuum extrapolation, (2) finite volume effect, (3) one-loop improvement error, (4) one-loop renormalization error, (5)  error, (6) scale ambiguity, (7) physical quark mass error, (8) off-physical quark mass ambiguity, (9) fit range ambiguity. The second error shows static approximation ambiguity estimated by with and .

Fig. 3 shows error budgets for B meson decay constants, mixing matrix elements and their ratio quantities. Currently, statistical error and uncertainty from chiral extrapolation is significantly large in the matrix element sector compared with decay constants. The static approximation error in non-ratio quantities occupies large portion of the total uncertainty, which is the potential limitation of the approximation. To reduce current large uncertainties, we are making following improvements:

• All-Mode-Averaging(AMA): Using an error reduction technique proposed in Ref. [18], it is possible to make the statistical error significantly small. The calculation using AMA is on-going on the same ensemble of this work. In the case of the ensemble and the lightest light quark mass parameter, we use a deflated CG with low-mode eigenvectors, relax the stopping condition of the CG from to as an approximation and put sources, then the current status shows times more efficiency compared with a deflated CG without AMA. Möbius domain-wall fermion (MDWF) is also applicable for the approximation, giving another factor of gain.

• On physical light quark mass point simulation: The RBC and UKQCD Collaborations has been generating and ensemble at almost physical pion mass using MDWF [19]. Calculations on these ensemble enable us to completely remove the chiral extrapolation uncertainty.

• Non-perturbative renormalization: One-loop renormalization error is estimated to be for decay constants and matrix elements, for and for . Apparently non-perturbative renormalization is necessary for non-ratio quantities. The renormalization would be made by RI-MOM scheme with an additional renormalization condition due to the power divergence.

• Beyond static approximation: It is apparent that the inclusion of correction is necessary to get out of the static approximation for high precision results. Even when the results in the static limit are used for the interpolation with lower quark mass region, the information of the slope would be important. The matching should be performed non-perturbatively, otherwise it is theoretically incorrect (no continuum limit), as depicted in Sec. 2.2. To perform the non-perturbative matching, step scaling technique is needed, where HQET is first matched to QCD on a super-fine lattice with small volume, then the HQET at lower-energy with large volume is achieved by the step scaling [20].

While computationally challenging, these improvements would give substantial impact on the high precision B physics.

## Acknowledgements

Computations of observables in this work were performed on QCDOC computers at RIKEN-BNL Research Center (RBRC) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), RIKEN Integrated Cluster of Clusters (RICC) at RIKEN, Wako, KMI computer at Nagoya University and resources provided by the USQCD Collaboration funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. Y. A. is supported by the JSPS Kakenhi Grant Nos. 21540289 and 22224003. The work of C. L, T. Izubuchi and A. S is supported in part by the US DOE contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.

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